Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology (EPPP) Practice Test

What is the primary theory behind the relationship between stress and illness, according to Selye?

1. Homeostasis theory

2. Fight or flight theory

3. General adaptation syndrome

4. Biopsychosocial model

The correct answer is: General adaptation syndrome

The primary theory that Selye is known for regarding the relationship between stress and illness is the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). This theory describes how the body responds to stress in three stages: the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion. In the alarm reaction stage, the body perceives a stressor and initiates a physiological response to prepare for a 'fight or flight' situation. During the stage of resistance, the body attempts to adapt to the ongoing stressful situation, mobilizing resources to cope with the stressor. Finally, if the stress continues over an extended period, the body enters the stage of exhaustion, where its resources are depleted, potentially leading to various stress-related illnesses. This model emphasizes that prolonged exposure to stress can have detrimental effects on health, underlining the direct link between stress and physical illness. The other options do address various aspects of stress and physiological responses, but they do not encapsulate Selye's comprehensive theory in the same way that General Adaptation Syndrome does. Homeostasis theory focuses on the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions, the fight or flight theory describes an immediate response to perceived threats, and the biopsychosocial model incorporates biological, psychological, and social