Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology (EPPP) Practice Test

When lithium or valproate is ineffective for bipolar disorder, which medication is next likely to be tried?

1. Risperidone

2. Carbamazepine

3. Phenelzine

4. Clonazepam

The correct answer is: Carbamazepine

The next medication that is likely to be tried when lithium or valproate is ineffective for treating bipolar disorder is carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant that is frequently used as a mood stabilizer, particularly in cases of bipolar disorder where standard treatments may not provide relief. It has been shown to be effective in managing acute manic episodes and can help stabilize mood in individuals with bipolar disorder, especially in those who may experience rapid cycling. While other medications listed, such as risperidone, phenelzine, and clonazepam, may serve specific roles in managing symptoms of mood disorders, they are not typically the first-line alternatives after lithium or valproate. Risperidone is an antipsychotic that could be used to address certain symptoms or acute episodes, but it is not primarily considered a mood stabilizer. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor that can be effective for atypical depression but is also not a standard choice specifically for bipolar disorder. Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine that may help with anxiety or agitation but does not address the underlying mood stabilization required for bipolar disorder treatment. Thus, carbamazepine stands out as the most logical next step